Direct Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from Cellulose using Saturated Steam

Efficient Conversion of Carbohydrates to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) Using ZrCl4 Catalyst in Nitromethane

Saturated steam process with direct steam generating parabolic troughs

The direct steam generation (DSG) in parabolic trough collectors is an attractive option regarding the economic improvement of parabolic trough technology for solar thermal electricity generation in the multi Megawatt range. The European DISS project has proven the feasibility of the direct steam generation under real solar conditions in more than 4000 operation hours. Within the European R&D p...

The Margin of Exposure of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in Alcoholic Beverages

OBJECTIVES 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) regularly occurs in foods and in alcoholic beverages. However, the risk of HMF associated with alcohol consumption has not been systematically studied, so that this study will provide the first quantitative risk assessment of HMF for consumers of alcoholic beverages. METHODS Human dietary intake of HMF via alcoholic beverages in the European Union was ...

Lycopene and Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) Evaluation in Tomato Products

Color of tomato products is due to the pigments content of fruit together with browning compounds originated during processing. To get a final product with a good is color is necessary to use fruits with an appropriated coloration and to avoid the degradation of pigments during post-harvest and processing. Final color should be bright and characteristic of each fruit. Lycopene, a liposoluble th...

Conversion of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and its derivatives promoted by inorganic salt in alcohol.

The conversion of D-fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) on a 1 mmol scale was achieved in good yield (68%) using NH(4)Cl as catalyst in isopropanol at 120°C. About 3% of 5-i-propoxymethylfurfural was formed. The reaction in ethanol at 100°C on a 10g scale gave a total yield of HMF and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural of 42%. No mineral acid such as H(2)SO(4) and HCl are required.